First, it serves a broad social good by integrating society. In this essay I set forth nine arguments against Strong Affirmative Action, which I define as preferential treatment, discriminating in favor of members of under-represented groups, which have been treated unjustly in the past, against innocent people. The affirmative action was used to achieve non-discrimination. In response to that, others identify how affirmative action is different from racism. What Is The Counterargument In A Persuasive Essay Premise 2: All dogs have two heads. Equal employment opportunity (EEO) means freedom from discrimination on the basis of protected classes such as race, color, sex, national origin, religion, age, disability or genetic information.. b. Arguments AGAINST Affirmative Action: Affirmative action is reverse discrimination. Affirmative action programs make use of quotas to make sure women and minorities are represented in the workplace. Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas. Affirmative action violates the principle of equality b. It costs American businesses too much money. After all, a society in which preferential treatment is awarded only on the basis of a person's talent or effort — irrespective of their . The medical school at the University of California, Davis, as part of the university's affirmative action program, had reserved 16 percent of its admission places for minority . Affirmative Action simply shifts injustice, setting Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, Asians and women against young white males, especially ethnic and poor white males. According to the Racism Argument, because affirmative action is a form of racism, affirmative action is immoral. Affirmative Action Debate; what are some arguments against AA? A sharply divided U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of affirmative action at the University of Texas in a decision where Justice Anthony Kennedy joined the court's more liberal . helps to know that others like us can be successful. We don't provide any sort of writing services. There are no mechanisms in place to verify that it is actually taking place. How radical was the american revolution essay writing the introduction of an argumentative essay: personal experience of globalization essay explanatory essay anchor chart. The Supreme Court Tactic That Aims to Kill Affirmative Action. Affirmative action and managing diversity go hand-in-hand, each reinforcing the gains of the other. it results in tokenism and quotas. c [removed] Affirmative action programs face no major criticisms. Before evaluating the evidence on Affirmative Action, it seems useful to list the various arguments used by its proponents and critics, and to construct a framework through which the empirical evidence can be considered and used to assess these arguments.5 Supporters of Affirmative Action tend to argue that these policies are necessary to offset improves diversity and levels the playing field. Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action? Lecture 18 - What's the Purpose? By Claire Andre, Manuel Velasquez, and Tim Mazur. b. Rated 4.3 /5 based on 2511 customer reviews. A) Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action. b. For: 1) Affirmative action programs benefit all of us. A group suing Harvard and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has asked the court to hear the two cases together, hoping . Another argument against implementation of affirmative action policies is provided by Davidson and Burke (1994) when they say that „if women were seen as having special needs----- this may suggest that they have special needs and this was to label them different--- inferior to men‟. Affirmative action violates the rights of white men to equal treatment. Lecture 17 - Discussion Guide (Beginner) In 1974, Allan Bakke, a white male, applied to medical school at the University of California, Davis. Aristotle disagrees with Rawls and Kant. Start studying Louis Pojman - Affirmative Action. The practice of Affirmative Action is a practice to correct past discrimination but remember political cartoons are satirical/joking in nature. The social discrimination of people is the main cause of initiation of affirmative action. b. The following is an example of a _____ argument: Premise 1: Socrates is a dog. Affirmative action in the United States is a set of laws, policies, guidelines, and administrative practices "intended to end and correct the effects of a specific form of discrimination" that include government-mandated, government-sanctioned and voluntary private programs. On Dec. 9, the Supreme Court will hear oral argument in a case involving the University of Texas at . The purpose of affirmative action is to establish fair access to employment opportunities to create a workforce that is an accurate reflection of the demographics of the qualified available workforce in the relevant job market. A federal judge has ruled that Harvard's race-conscious admissions policy is constitutional — a long-awaited decision that comes nearly a year after the closely-watched trial over the school's use of race in admissions began. 165 Make no mistake about it: centuries of slavery, oppression, and discrimination cannot be erased by twenty-five years of Court-sanctioned affirmative action. SJ stands up for Jus and tells Jared that his assertion—that affirmative action discriminates against members of the majority—is false. D. It violates individuals' basic human rights. it results in reverse discrimination against white males. Readers debate the merits of affirmative action following the December 2015 oral arguments in Fisher v. University of Texas (which ended in a 4-3 ruling upholding AA in June 2016). . Students/workers who are put into a position through affirmative action often are not fully ready for the task. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. Jobs that have a significant impact on the life or health or the entire success of the company c. It will . Among the arguments for affirmative action in the U.S. is: the higher costs of discriminating employers put them at a significant cost disadvantage in comparison to non-discriminators. a. Disclaimer: nascent-minds is dedicated What Is The Counterargument In A Persuasive Essay to What Is The Counterargument In A Persuasive Essay providing What Is The Counterargument In A Persuasive Essay an ethical tutoring What Is The Counterargument In A Persuasive Essay service. The importance of the issues raised by affirmative action requires us to examine the policy with care. Apa research paper page numbers essay on measles. Proposition 209 added Section 31 to the California Constitution's Declaration of Rights, which said that the state cannot discriminate against or grant preferential treatment on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, and public contracting. The constitutional rights in the First Amendment were first raised in an affirmative action case by Justice Lewis Powell Jr. (Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 1978) although the high court ultimately ruled against the university. . In Hopwood, four white plaintiffs who had been rejected from University of Texas at Austin's School of Law challenged the institution's admissions policy on equal protection grounds and . Lecture 17 - Arguing Affirmative Action Is it just to consider race and ethnicity as factors in college admissions? - makes economic sense. - establishes diversity that won't necessarily have been achieved. First published Fri Dec 28, 2001; substantive revision Mon Apr 9, 2018. Some people claim that affirmative action is racist. Cartoon on the right: The cartoon on the right has a man in a black robe (who could be assumed to be a judge) Likewise, people ask, what is the meaning of EEO? Which of the following are used? Who is in this picture and what is it trying to communicate? Which of the following is an argument against affirmative action? Answer Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action. Supporters argue that affirmative action is still needed to counteract continuing bias and prejudice against women and minorities. - improves diversity and levels the playing field. The "Qualifications Argument" uses a principle of merit to argue against affirmative . Reverse discrimination. Though the court chose not to address the issues within the case, it was the first case heard on affirmative action since the policy was established in the 1960s. SJ tells Jared that their education is "the best of the best . The University, which is committed to increasing racial minority enrollment, adopted its current program after this Court decided Grutter v.Bollinger, 539 U. S. 306, upholding the use of race as one of many "plus factors" in an admissions program that considered the overall . Unqualified workers will be hired and productivity will go down. The Need for Role Models This argument is straightforward. Approximately one-page, describe the arguments made against Affirmative Action. 9. Hopwood v. Texas, 78 F.3d 932 (5th Cir. Because Strong Affirmative Action perpetuates bigotry and racism against white males c. Because Strong Affirmative Action fails to treat white males as individuals d. None of the above—Strong Affirmative Action is not as wrong as discrimination against blacks and other minorities. quotas based on considerations of race are unconstitutional. The major argument for keeping affirmative action is that it is still needed and still justified. Courage essay conclusion. "Affirmative action" means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and culture from which they have been historically excluded. - sets precedent and breaks stereotype. Affirmative action opens doors in the organization while managing diversity opens the culture and the system. The College, as an institution, supports affirmative action as a tool for achieving diverse workplaces, although not all individual members of the College community support its use. What follows is a dialogue between two parties representing typical arguments for and against affirmative action. In response to that, others identify how affirmative action is different from racism. For. The first major affirmative action case went down in history as a case about "reverse discrimination" favoring blacks, but the underlying facts were more complicated. The University of Texas at Austin considers race as one of various factors in its undergraduate admissions process. He was rejected, even though his grades and test scores were higher than some of the minority candidates who were admitted that year. C) Affirmative action violates the rights of white men to equal treatment. C. It is inconsistent with the principles of fairness and equality. . Affirmative action programs were begun in the 1960s to provide African Americans and, later, other people of color and women access to jobs and education to make up for . Contribute your . -Times have changed - Discrimination is less prevalent- violates ideals of color-blind public policies -Socially and politically divisive -AA has not made things better -Benefits racial minorities from upper middle classes An applicant's race is not a legitimate factor to take into . How Affirmative Action at Colleges Hurts Minority Students. Sandel introduces Aristotle and his theory of justice. The whole idea of this action is that over time there shall be no discrimination whatsoever based on gender, race, ethnic profiles, etc. QUESTION 12 Which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action? Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action? Unqualified workers will be hired and productivity will go down. Blue text will represent an argument against race-based affirmative action, and the regular black text will represent advocating for. What are the arguments for and against affirmative action? Opponents of affirmative action contend that it is reverse discrimination and that it is simply wrong for the government ever to use race in conferring benefits such as government contracts, jobs, or admissions to schools. Talented individuals may not be given equal opportunities simply because they . d. Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas, c. Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action. b [removed] Affirmative action programs presume that race or gender-conscious measures are necessary to overcome discriminatory practices. arguments for policies opposing Affirmative Action: I. Some research suggests that implicit biases can lead to discrimination against minorities. Arguments action industrial against grade revolution :: topics for persuasive essay higher english industrial 8? Response Feedback: Corre ct Question 9 4 out of 4 points An argument against affirmative action is: Selected Answer: It is inconsistent with the principles of fairness and equality. To understand it, readers must know how the policy originated and evolved, must recognize what affirmative action requires in various instances and what it does not require, must strive to understand arguments on both sides of the debate, and must be alert to separate fact from fiction. a. Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action. Click to see full answer. Copied. The term grew in popular use in the U.S. in the late 20th century, as legislation required special emphasis be put on offering advantages to minority populations, such as women, blacks and Hispanics, and the disabled. correct incorrect. Affirmative action violates the rights of white men to equal treatment. We learn and are encouraged to strive for excellence by emulating our heroes and "our kind of people" who have succeeded. Affirmative Action: Twenty-five Years of Controversy. What are the consequentialist arguments for and against affirmative action? arguments against affirmative action affirmative action discriminates, people shouldn't be punished for the past, we should be race/gender blind, common sense principle common sense principle whoever is best for the job should get it the unfair race whatever starting place you get gets you closer to the job/acceptance utopian idea On Wednesday, the U.S. Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in a case — Fisher v.University of Texas at Austin — that may end race conscious affirmative action at colleges for good.Plaintiff Abigail Fisher, who is white, says that racial preferences are responsible for her being denied admission to the university, even though a ProPublica analysis of her application shows that even she . Some of the arguments in favor of affirmative action include: Affirmative action allows for fair evaluation of candidates by making up for existing social inequalities. of Yale University. In the United States, affirmative action was first created by Executive Order 10925, signed by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. a. d. Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed . What was the original purpose of affirmative action? Therefore, Proposition 209 banned the use of affirmative action involving . Bakke decision, formally Regents of the University of California v.Bakke, ruling in which, on June 28, 1978, the U.S. Supreme Court declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas. Regents . The following is an example of a _____ argument: Premise 1: Socrates is a dog. it is the only way to reverse historic patterns of discrimination. Decided on June 26, 1978. Dissertation powerpoint. Affirmative action was first created from Executive Order 10925, which was signed by President John F. Kennedy on 6 March 1961 and required that government employers "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin" and "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are . It makes no more sense to discriminate in favor of a rich Black or female who had the opportunity of the best family and education available against a poor White, than it . a. seeks to promote equal opportunity to the goods and offices of society. what are EEO questions? Affirmative action is one of the most effective tools for redressing the injustices caused by our nation's historic discrimination against people of color and women, and for leveling what has long been an uneven playing field. Regents of the University of . B. EEO (Equal Employment Opportunity) questions are most commonly found at the very end of a job . Approximately 2-3 paragraphs on your opinion of which group presented their case the most effectively 2- In sweeping terms there are two types of arguments in favor of affirmative action. Which of the following are used? Of these four arguments, which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action? 1. . Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Premise 2: All dogs have two heads. Some of the arguments against affirmative action include: It is unfair to judge applicants on anything other than their merits. The original point of affirmative action was to make up for past discrimination. It destroys the idea of a meritocracy and instead puts race as the dominant factor in admissions and hiring procedures. It now sets the stage for a continued legal battle over the future of affirmative action in higher education. It required that government employers "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race . 1996), was the first successful legal challenge to a university's affirmative action policy in student admissions since Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. Argument (s) against affirmative action plans is that criteria besides sex and race must be weighed when making job decision because. This legislative policy is referred to as "affirmative . Managing diversity does not replace affirmative action; rather, it builds on the critical foundation laid by workplace equity programs. "Diversity is desirable but it won't always occur if left to chance" - Messerli. Bakke sued the medical school. At times this topic becomes the focus of debate on campus. 8. Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas. . D) Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas. When those steps involve preferential selection . The Court seems to have forgotten that the purpose of affirmative action is to remedy historic wrongs that have been committed against African Americans. Affirmative Action - Disadvantages. correct incorrect. Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms. White House Counsel C. Borden Gray created a furor last November when, on the eve of the President's signing a major civil rights bill designed to "fight the evils of discrimination," he circulated a directive to end the use of racial preferences and quotas in federal government hiring. d [removed] None of the . An Argument Against Affirmative Action Essay 1716 Words | 7 Pages. Affirmative Action. Despite this, Jared keeps up his argument, and says that there will be other minorities less qualified to get in than him who will be accepted. c. Affirmative action violates the rights of white men to equal treatment. The Case Against Affirmative Action The Case Against Affirmative Action Louis P. Pojman. "The Court will not dismantle a very fine admissions . An argument (s) against affirmative action plans is that criteria besides sex and race must be weighed when making job decision because. Broken and burning and minus 620,000 men, a new challenge lay before the nation: social equality. We live and work in a multicultural society so we all benefit from diversity in the workplace/education system 2) Affirmative action is an aggressive way to break vicious cycles of discrimination These laws typically pertain to equal opportunities in employment, education, and business. Dec 2nd, 2015 5 min read. Reverse discrimination refers to discrimination against members of an historically majority, or "advantaged," group. What argument do critics of affirmative action often make? - morally justified. Race-based affirmative action degrades meritocracy by introducing a factor to the admissions process which is beyond the applicant's control . The rules are intended to level the playing field for groups that have been historically discriminated . For improves diversity and levels the playi… sets precedent and breaks stereotype - improves diversity and levels the playing field. Affirmative action as a practice was partially upheld by the Supreme Court in Grutter v. Affirmative action is controversial in American politics. Correct It is inconsistent with the principles of fairness - There are numerous factors that a college should take into account when considering applicants - grades, test scores, and extra-curricular activities. Paved with Good Intentions: An Argument Against Affirmative Action Out of the jaws of civil war, the new United States had emerged. Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms. Some people claim that affirmative action is racist. Arguments For Affirmative Action 1. 166 Although the Court in . B) Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms. A centuries-long legacy of racism and sexism has not been eradicated despite the gains made during the civil rights era. Affirmative action in the Workplace program or action plan is a tool of management designed to make sure there is an equal opportunity for employment for all. Equal employment opportunity . This argument seems not just rational, but moral. Question 7 In 1987, the Supreme Court affirmed, in the case of Johnson v. Transportation Agency, that affirmative action is unconstitutional. A. Which of the following is an argument against affirmative action? The idea was that . a. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. Reverse discrimination is the notion that instead of promoting anti-discrimination, affirmative action leads to discrimination against individuals and groups that come from non-disadvantaged backgrounds. all of the above correct incorrect * not completed. Affirmative action refers to special consideration for minorities and women in employment and education to compensate for the discrimination and lack of opportunities they experience in the larger society. Jobs that have a significant impact on the life or health or the entire success of the company. This type of policy can be implemented in employment, education, public contracting and health programs. Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms. Affirmative action is a government-backed policy that was developed to help underrepresented groups get access to opportunities in academia, as well as the workforce and government. - The purpose of affirmative action is to increase the admissions rates of minorities that are under-represented in America's colleges. Affirmative Action. Essay on coronavirus in english for upsc, which of the following best describes good introduction of an argumentative essay essay on warli art in hindi. At Connecticut College, affirmative action influences hiring practices but not admission procedures. - sets prece… - establishes diversity that won't necessarily have been achie… - precedent for younger generations; prevents racism from beco… 7 Terms b. discriminates against innocent people in favor of members of under-represented groups which have been treated unjustly in the past. The "Qualifications Argument" uses a principle of merit to argue against affirmative . It was first signed and implemented from 1961, March 6th by the president John F. Kennedy. Herein, what are some arguments in favor of affirmative action? This is why affirmative action exists, so that admissions offices can even the playing field and take into account the fact that certain people have started at a disadvantage. This is a flawed argument, though, because being a minority in the United States unfortunately means overcoming a great deal more than the average white person. 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