Oceanography 100 Karen Baker Quiz #2. Who is responsible for the first measurement of the circumference of the Earth? He invented a system of latitude and longitude and he also might have calculated the distance from earth to the sun and invented the leap day. He may have measured the distances from Earth to both the Moon and to the Sun, but the historical accounts of both deeds are rather cryptic. As a young man, Eratosthenes studied in Athens. 4. Eratosthenes was a lover of the theater and wrote a series of twelve books which he titled Old Comedy. Hutchinson's Biography Database 1. how do floodplains jeopardize the livelihoods of agricultural workers. March 2023; Leaving Cape Town in April 1932, Discoveryand its oceanographers, including George Deacon, circumnavigated Antarctica, much of the first few months at sea the Antarctic winter, completing the long series of sections in April 1933 before returning to England. Later he joined the Platonists as a pupil of Arcesilao.It was then that Eratosthenes created a work called Platonicus, in which, following Plato's method, he explored mathematical and cosmological issues. However, he never wanted to specialize in a single subject, for which some reproached him. Eratosthenes only surviving work is Catasterisms, a book about the constellations, which gives a description and story for each constellation, as well as a count of the number of stars contained in it, but the attribution of this work has been doubted by some scholars. Oceanography; Geography of Environment; Population & Settlement Geography; Economic Geography; . 285-205 BC) invented the discipline of geography as we understand it. III. Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology;[5] he used Egyptian and Persian records to estimate the dates of the main events of the mythical Trojan War, dating the sack of Troy to 1183 BC. In the first, Eratosthenes addressed the previous theories and compiled the existing information in the library. Biography. In 1609 he published Astronomia Nova, delineating his discoveries, which are now called Keplers first two laws of planetary motion. What makes the scientific discipline of geography different from other science disciplines is its emphasis on space, place, and connection. He made two important contributions, out of which one was later proved wrong, while the other was right, but it was overlooked for a long time. He is also regarded as the Father of Geography.. Eratosthenes noted that at Alexandria, at the same date and time, sunlight fell at an angle of about 7.2 from the vertical. Hipparchus (c. 190120 bce) was the first to construct a table of values for a trigonometric function. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (/ r t s n i z /; Greek: [eratostns]; c. 276 BC - c. 195/194 BC) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.His work is comparable to what is now known as the study of geography, and he . In his work Geographika, Eratosthenes described and made maps of the known territories. This work was highly esteemed for its accuracy. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). "La climatologie d'ratosthne Posidonios: gense d'une science humaine". I. Eratosthenes made maps, both of the world and sky and is said to have made a map that includes 675 stars. The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene. Atlantic Ocean Ocean exploration is a part of oceanography describing the exploration of ocean surfaces. The geometry of the situation is sketched at the right. Eratosthenes. The 200-foot ship was three-masted, square-rigged, and built of wood. All of the planets, except for Earth, were named after Greek and Roman gods and godesses. He also suggested that lakes were the source of the river. to locate all prime numbers between two integers. A Tradition of Exploration Norwegian pioneers throughout history The Viking Age From 800 to 1066 AD, the Vikings journeyed in their longships to explore and establish trade around Europe. He spent most of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. They had a keen sense of ocean currents and variations in bird and sea life in different places in the Pacific. It does so by iteratively marking as composite, i.e., not prime, the multiples of each prime, starting with the multiples of 2. In this work, which for the first time described the geography of the entire inhabited world as it was then known, Eratosthenes of Kyrene (ca. Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. Phoenicians (from what is now Syria and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Africa; 2000BC 2. The correct answer is to determine the Earths circumference. Eckerman, C. (2011). He also calculated the tilt axis of the Earth. Eratosthenes (276-195 BCE) was an ancient Greek Alexandrian scholar, native of Cyrene, who attained distinction in many fields including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and history. Archives. Trigonometry can be used to roof a house, to make the roof inclined ( in the case of single individual bungalows) and the height of the roof in buildings etc. He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. He was born in 271 BC in Cyrene, which is now known as Libya, in North Africa. But he did not find in them a style that appealed to him. In addition to the attempts of Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276c. The estimate is over 99 percent of the actual distance of 40,008 km. Eratosthenes' "Geography". What was the major contribution of Ptolemy? Around 255 BCE, he invented the armillary sphere. Given an estimate of the distance between the two cities, he was able to calculate the circumference of Earth, obtaining 250,000 stadia. Why is Eratosthenes called the father of geography? In Athens he met so many philosophers that he was both amazed and overwhelmed. Between 276 and 195 BC, he created one of the first known maps of the world, but his most significant contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. All Categories. He was the chief librarian of the Great Library of Alexandria. Whats The Difference Between Dutch And French Braids? On oceanography he was considered an . What were the contributions of Eratosthenes, Hipparcus, and Ptolemy to oceanography? Plutarch's similar discussion claiming that Alexander ignored. Oceanic area = 303x10^6km^2 (59.4%) 11.5% of Earth is continent below sea level. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians.[25]. What is the contribution of Eratosthenes in geography? Atlantic Ocean- long, narrow, parrallel sides 68% of freshwater runs into it. Plato as "Architect of Science". He also measured the length of the shadow on the ground. Cyrene was founded by Greeks from Thera before 600 BC, and it prospered as an independent city until the arrival of the Hellenic era. Eratosthenes, then thirty years old, accepted Ptolemy's invitation and traveled to Alexandria, where he lived for the rest of his life. Eratosthenes was called Beta (the second letter of the Greek alphabet) because he was never first, but he is more famous than his Alpha teachers because his discoveries are still used today. Eratosthenes was well acquainted with the extent of the Red sea, which he described as extending for about 9000 stadia (900 miles) from the head of Gulf of Suez to the Bab-al-Mandab. (40,000 miles). [1] However, his Geography has been lost to history, although fragments of the work can be pieced together from other great historians like Pliny, Polybius, Strabo, and Marcianus. Name the major oceans and their main characteristics. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." The contributions of eratosthenes. Eratosthenes (c. 276194 bce), who had prepared a map of the Nile valley southward to the latitude of modern Khartoum, anticipated the correct answer when he reported that heavy rains had been observed to fall in the upper reaches of the river and that these History at your fingertips Oceanography Chapter 1 Oceanography Oceanus would be a better name for Earth, since oceans cover 70% surface (most major cities, resources, etc. Looked for continent - found New Zealand, Great barrier reef, numerous small islands At that time he also wrote Peri agathn kai kakn, a text that was lost. Rist, J.M. The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c. 275194 BC). One of the main contributions of Eratosthenes to science and astronomy was his important work regarding They helped find new colonies, explored some of North America and were great navigators. Archimedes is regarded as one of the most notable Greek mathematicians. If you ask any geographer to name a person who was responsible for the founding of their discipline, theyre likely to say, Ptolemy. Claudius Ptolemaeus lived in second-century Alexandria from 100 AD to 170 AD, writing the Geographike hyphegesis (c150), also known as the Geography. b. Eratosthenes He was a Greek mathematician who had a profound interest in geography. Uf Women's Studies Electives, While this work is the earliest we can trace certain ideas, words, and concepts in the historical record, earlier contributions may have been lost to history. What Is Fast Acquisition Corp. . The Arabs were the great contributors in the field of mathematical, physical and regional geography. He used parallels and meridians to link together every place in the world. In addition, he calculated approximate distances between them. Who Eratosthenes was and what his contribution to math is? [1] Cyrene became a place of cultivation, where knowledge blossomed. Pacific Ocean- Largest, deepest, lots of islands and seamounts. [19] This book is the first recorded instance of many terms still in use today, including the name of the discipline geography. He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. Geography is derived from the Greek words geo (the Earth in its broadest sense) and graphos (graphos (graphy), which means to write about. To write about the Earth in a literal sense. The fourth is the prominent grammarian Aristophanes of Byzantium, who succeeded Eratosthenes as head of the Library of Alexandria. Eratosthenes measured Earths circumference mathematically using two surface points to make the calculation. It comes from the Old English words eor(th)e and ertha. and more. Eckerman, Chris. 2. Bacon is a piece of salt-cured pork cut from the belly of a pig. Eratosthenes' Geography. During his time at the Library of Alexandria, Eratosthenes devised a calendar using his predictions about the, He was also very proud of his solution for. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. 22, No. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. Contribution of Greeks to Mathematical and Physical Geography! Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Within about five years he became Chief Librarian, a position that the poet Apollonius Rhodius had previously held. Eratosthenes (l. c. 276-195 BCE) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, mathematician, and poet best known for being the first to calculate the circumference of the earth and its axial tilt. Eratosthenes united and organized in this work different information that he found in the Library of Alexandria. Despite not having a prominent ancestry, Eratosthenes did come from a city that had achieved recognition by the men who were born in it. It is a large, submerged massif, about 120 km long and 80 km wide. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. in, Chondros, Thomas G. Archimedes Life Works and Machines. Then numbers that are not prime are discarded. The Classical Review. : 3373 , 02-3298322 A . During his life Eratosthenes was a lover of knowledge in all its areas. Learn everything about the Oceanography from scratch and become a master of this topic with quiz based flashcards. Eratosthenes proposed a simple algorithm for finding prime numbers. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to calculate the circumference of the Earth. Eratosthenes of Cyrene Prince Henry the navigator's contribution to ocean exploration included? Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? Eratosthenes made calculations in which he discovered that in a year there were 365 days and every four years there were 366 days. _____ includes the study of the earth at History of Oceanography TIMELINE Print PDF Zoom Out Events Egyptian trade on nile 4000 B.C. [4] He created the first global projection of the world, incorporating parallels and meridians based on the available geographic knowledge of his era. However, a simplified version of the method has been preserved, as described by Cleomedes.[15]. The first known table of chords was produced by the Greek mathematician Hipparchus in about 140 BC. Thus began the fame of Eratosthenes, since in his new field he achieved the recognition he had desired. [2], Eratosthenes believed there was both good and bad in every nation and criticized Aristotle for arguing that humanity was divided into Greeks and barbarians, as well as for arguing that the Greeks should keep themselves racially pure. Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. Your email address will not be published. . Geography is the study of Earths natural environment and human society, as well as how society and nature interact. How did the Egyptians contribute to oceanography? The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. Phoenicians (from what is now Syria and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Africa; 2000BC 2. His teachers included the scholar Lysanias of Cyrene and the philosopher Ariston of Chios who had studied under Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy. Eratosthenes is said to have coined the term geography in Ancient Greece. His mathematical work is known principally from the writings of the Greek geometer Pappus of Alexandria, and his geographical work from the first two books of the Geography of the Greek geographer Strabo. He developed systems of latitudes and longitudes and ascertained accurate length of equator using Gnomon. 2006. The pecialized text They are thoe that contain a vocabulary and terminology pecific to a certain branch of knowledge. This is where, according to Pliny, "The world was grasped." The course consists of an extensive examination of physical and cultural factors that contribute to and produce the variable character of the earth's surface and a discussion of the significance of . He also studied under the head of the Platonic Academy, who was Arcesilaus of Pitane. They believed only rivers had currents, and named this mass of water okeanos (meaning river), from which we derived our term . Eratosthenes (276-195 BCE) was an ancient Greek Alexandrian scholar, native of Cyrene, who attained distinction in many fields including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and history. [20] He placed grids of overlapping lines over the surface of the Earth. How did Eratosthenes contribute to oceanography? He was a renowned mathematician, poet, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. Fragments Collected and Translated, with Commentary and Additional Material. Eratosthenes. Eratosthenes was a man of many talents. The [] Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. Tiberias Nyc Reservations, Homers Iliad and The Odyssey were thought to be the first books on the subject. He believed that the celestial bodies revolved around the Earth. JR, on the other, Either is a correct plural for the word leaf, according to Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Eratosthenes was born in Cyrene which is now in Libya in North Africa. Eratosthenes calculated the Earths circumference, and invented the latitude/longitude system. Calculated the Earth's circumference: 40,000 km (24,840 mi) More precise, modern measurement: 40,032 km (24,860 mi) Eratosthenes' most famous contribution to science was his calculation of the circumference of the Earth, which he completed while working on the second volume of his "Geography.". The Fourteenth Edition incorporates The nematode They are a group of animal that are characterized by having a cylindrical body, without egmentation. In the quest to secure his newly regained domain, Ptolemy III saw fit to satisfy the people of Cyrene by offering a position as important as that of chief keeper of the great library of Alexandria to Eratosthenes. Name the major oceans and their main characteristics. Eratosthenes was an Ancient Greek scientist born in the town of Cyrene in about 276 BC. These works and his great poetic abilities led the pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes to seek to place him as a librarian at the Library of Alexandria in the year 245 BC. A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist, or humanist whose field of study is geography. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians. After these experiences, he became disenchanted with philosophy and decided to dedicate himself to poetry. Using your own words, write a paragraph about Eratosthenes and his contributions to math and science. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The texts of his early works as a poet are not preserved either; however, some names were passed on to posterity through quotations from other Greeks. Why do you suppose the residents of Alexandria became hostile to the librarians and the many achievements of the library? Learn, revise and practice all the mocks questions related to the Oceanography with our simple and easy Flashcard quizzes How far from the correct value was Erathosthenes? Fragments Collected and Translated, with Commentary and Additional Material. Eratosthenes was an illustrious ancient Greek polymath who had expertise in mathematics, astronomy and geography. Thu, the different type of pecialized text will vary according to the ubject and p All Rights Reserved warbletoncouncil.org - 2023. He compiled a star catalog and the earliest surviving table of a trigonometric function and established mathematically that an object and its mirror image must make equal angles to a mirror. Among the ancient Greek scholars Herodotus, Plato, Aristotle, Eratosthenes is the chief ones. Eratosthenes' method of measuring Earth's circumference, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eratosthenes, Famous Scientists - Biography of Eratosthenes, Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Eratosthenes, Eratosthenes - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Eratosthenes was born in the Greek colony Cyrene, now the city of Shahhat, Libya. The Greeks made tremendous advancements in the fields of geomorphology, climatology and oceanography. He noted that the Suns rays fell vertically at noon in Syene (now Aswn), Egypt, at the summer solstice. Geography is a chorographic discipline. Who is the first geographer in the world? a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude . Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE192 or 194 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician, poet, and astronomer who is known as the father of geography. He also devised a system for discovering prime numbers as whole numbers that can only be divided by themselves or the number 1. Eratosthenes also found a solution to the so-called Deliano problem, or the doubling of the cube. Contributions of Greeks in the field of Physical Geography: The Greeks made remarkable development in the field of physical geography. He first studied with Zeno at the school of the Stoics. He set the circumference measurement at 252,000 stadia, which is approximately 39,691 kilometers. a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude. Eratosthenes was a famous mathematician who developed latitude and longitude as a way to measure the Earth. It provides insights into economic, social, historic, culture, religious, political, and climate geography, plus oceanography, demographics, and more. Eratosthenes is named for the ancient Greek who first estimated the Earth's circumference around 240 BC. Etching of an ancient seal identified as Eratosthenes. Geography consisted of eight volumes. Now part of modern-day Libya, Cyrene had been founded by Greeks centuries earlier and became the capital of Pentapolis (North Africa), a country of five cities: Cyrene, Arsinoe, Berenice, Ptolemias, and Apollonia. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. The technology geographers and other scientists use to study the physical and cultural environments spatially and over time is with geospatial technology. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. Several astronomers and mathematicians tried to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth before and after Eratosthenes, but it was Eratosthenes who succeeded. Required fields are marked *. In On the Circular Motions of the Celestial Bodies,[11] Cleomedes credited him with having calculated the Earth's circumference around 240 BC, with a high precision. It allows scientists to pinpoint specific locations using a system of degrees. Eratosthenes went to Alexandria and found out that the light hit the earth at an angle of 7.2 degrees. "Ptolemy's System of Seven Climata and Eratosthenes' Geography". This is important to marine science because these concepts are used for locations around the globe. He studied at Plato's school in Athens. Eratosthenes was an ancient Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. [6] He wrote Chronographies, a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the Trojan War. Business Opportunities (5) . Eratosthenes hired a man to pace the distance between the two cities and learned they were 5,000 stadia apart, which is about 800 kilometers. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. In addition to calculating Earths circumference, Eratosthenes created the Sieve of Eratosthenes (a procedure for finding prime numbers), tried to fix the dates of literary and political events since the siege of Troy, and is thought to have created the armillary sphere (an early astronomical device for representing the great circles of the heavens). He lived and worked for most of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. It is not known when he wrote his works, but they highlighted his abilities. II. Eratosthenes made several important contributions to mathematics and science, and was a friend of Archimedes, the great mathematician. The circumference of the Earth was measured by Eratosthenes. References to the works of Eratosthenes are preserved thanks to other authors, since when the library of Alexandria was lost, practically all of his work was lost. However, he assumed that Siena was right over the Tropic of Cancer, a fact that was incorrect. On the basis of this Cyrene was absorbed into the Ptolemaic monarchy of Egypt, which ruled from Alexandria, the cultural and commercial center of the Mediterranean. However, it was in geography where he proved to be more skillful for he was one of the greatest of all ancient geographers. His writings included a poem inspired by astronomy, as well as works on the theatre and on ethics. Now part of modern-day Libya, Cyrene had been founded by Greeks centuries earlier and became the capital of Pentapolis (North Africa), a country of five cities: Cyrene, Arsinoe, Berenice, Ptolemias, and Apollonia. Are charitable contributions deductible in 2020? Arab Contributions To Geography And Navigation posted on: Nov 4, 2015 The world's earliest geographical and navigational charts were developed by Canaanites who, probably simultaneously with the Egyptians, discovered the Atlantic Ocean. He created a method known as the Siege of Eratosthenes by which he calculated the prime numbers. In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes (Greek: ), one of a number of prime number sieves, is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. OCEANOGRAPHY-Study of the Oceans Contributions of the ancients 1. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. George Syncellus was later able to preserve from Chronographies a list of 38 kings of the Egyptian Thebes. He uses the angles of shadows and the distance between Alexandria and Syene to arrive at a value of 24,855 miles (40,000 kilometers). Ptolemy was an astronomer and mathematician. He also tried to determine the obliquity of the ecliptic. He did not use the mythological descriptions that were common at the time, but relied on military texts to carry out his work. He sought to maintain the reputation of the Library of Alexandria against competition from the Library of Pergamum. He was called Pentathlos, a title given to those who were victors in the five tests of the Olympic games, because he dedicated himself to cultivating all areas of knowledge. are near the ocean) Life began in the ocean 4 billion years before present Stayed there for over 3 billion years before venturing out onto the surface Take notes about his accomplishments. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. In number theory, he introduced the sieve of Eratosthenes, an efficient method of identifying prime numbers. It is used naval and aviation industries. ". Eratosthenes also did other things that are known today. One of Eratosthenes contributions to mathematics was his measurement of the Earth. Explanation: Eratosthenes was a geographer and mathematician from Ancient Greece who is known for using geometry to determine the circumference of the Earth. This algorithm is known in mathematics as the Sieve of Eratosthenes. Like any young Greek at the time, Eratosthenes would have studied in the local gymnasium, where he would have learned physical skills and social discourse as well as reading, writing, arithmetic, poetry, and music.[9]. 5 best Master's degrees in Clinical and Health Psychology to study in Spain, The 40 phrases of Michael Jackson, the King of Pop, 7 keys for someone to open up more to you, The 10 most romantic cities on the planet, Social behavior: definition and explanatory theories, Postcoital dysphoria: symptoms, causes and treatment, Scriptophobia: symptoms, causes and treatment, Nematodes: characteristics, classification, reproduction, nutrition, Specialized texts: characteristics, structure, types, examples. Modern Geographys founder, Alexander von Humboldt. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. "Eratosthenes." Earth was considered as the centre of the universe, around which revolved the seven planets. Eratosthenes analyzed the observations with the assumption that the earth is a sphere and the sun is very far away. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. Eratosthenes (276 BC - 194 BC) was an Ancient Greek scientist and philosopher who did work in astronomy, geometry, geography, mathematics, as well as poetry and history. Some time ago he had gone blind from cataracts and is believed to have committed suicide by starvation. Eratosthenes (D.W.) Roller (ed., Trans.) He estimated the Earths circumference to be nearly 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). An account of Eratosthenes method is preserved in the Greek astronomer Cleomedes Meteora. Earlier estimates of the circumference of Earth had been made (for example, Aristotle says that some mathematicians had obtained a value of 400,000 stadia), but no details of their methods have survived. Eratosthenes was born in approximately 276 BC. Geographers look at both the physical properties of the Earths surface and the human societies that live on it. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.

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