measuring concepts in quantitative research

Validity. Validity is defined as the extent to which a concept is accurately measured in a quantitative study. The existence of rival indexes for measuring democracy suggests we are talking about a class of political phenomena which may be impossible to identify using a single description (the exemplar view). from Part 2 - Robustness Tests and the Dimensions of Model Uncertainty Eric Neumayer, London School of Economics and Political Science, Thomas Plümper; The REF, which was conducted in 2014 (new round in 2021), combined an emphasis on scientific publishing with cases of impact. Nominal measurement totally lacks any sense of the relative size or magnitude, it only allows to say that things are different. Back in chapter 2 we discussed one of the largest differences between the natural and social sciences. Chapter 7: Qualitative & Quantitative Measurement I. Under such an approach, validity determines whether the research truly measures what it was intended to measure. Know how to interpret the strength of a correlation coefficient and remember–correlation does not mean causation. rigour of the research. The traditional levels of measurement were developed by Stevens (1946), who organized the rules for assigning numbers to objects so that a hierarchy in measurement was established. The standards for measurement are different in qualitative and quantitative research for an important reason. Don’t confuse statistical significance with practical significance. Quantitative researchers generally have four main preoccupations: they want their research to be measurable, to focus on causation, to be generalisable, and to be replicable. Kaplan identified three categories of things that social scientists measure including observational terms, indirect observables, and constructs. Denver, Colorado 80206 It’s easy to compute it in Excel using the function =CORREL(). and validity Exists when there is a shared understanding of the meaning of whatever concept is being measured. It takes time to get acquainted with the fundamentals of good experimental design. in their measures. 1 + 303-578-2801 - MST In essence, it is how well a test or piece of research measures what it is intended to measure. Kaplan identified three categories of things that social scientists measure including observational terms, indirect observables, and constructs. Concepts and their measurement in quantitative research If a concept is to be employed in quantitative research, a measure will have to be developed for it so it can be quantified. ):Locating Evidence, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION:The Purpose of FGD, Formal Focus Groups, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (Contd. Robustness Tests for Quantitative Research - by Eric Neumayer August 2017. While statisticians quibble over the precise definition of statistical significance, you must at least know what the term means and you must know how to interpret a p-value. MEASUREMENT OF CONCEPTS:Conceptualization, INTRODUCTION, DEFINITION & VALUE OF RESEARCH, SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF RESEARCH & ITS SPECIAL FEATURES, CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH:Goals of Exploratory Research, THEORY AND RESEARCH:Concepts, Propositions, Role of Theory, CONCEPTS:Concepts are an Abstraction of Reality, Sources of Concepts, VARIABLES AND TYPES OF VARIABLES:Moderating Variables, HYPOTHESIS TESTING & CHARACTERISTICS:Correlational hypotheses, REVIEW OF LITERATURE:Where to find the Research Literature, CONDUCTING A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW:Write the Review, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:Make an inventory of variables, PROBLEM DEFINITION AND RESEARCH PROPOSAL:Problem Definition, THE RESEARCH PROCESS:Broad Problem Area, Theoretical Framework, ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH:Ethical Treatment of Participants, ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH (Cont):Debriefing, Rights to Privacy, MEASUREMENT OF CONCEPTS (CONTINUED):Operationalization, MEASUREMENT OF CONCEPTS (CONTINUED):Scales and Indexes, CRITERIA FOR GOOD MEASUREMENT:Convergent Validity, RESEARCH DESIGN:Purpose of the Study, Steps in Conducting a Survey, SURVEY RESEARCH:CHOOSING A COMMUNICATION MEDIA, INTERCEPT INTERVIEWS IN MALLS AND OTHER HIGH-TRAFFIC AREAS, SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRES (CONTINUED):Interesting Questions, TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION:Guidelines for Questionnaire Design, PILOT TESTING OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE:Discovering errors in the instrument, INTERVIEWING:The Role of the Interviewer, Terminating the Interview, SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TERMINOLOGY:Saves Cost, Labor, and Time, PROBABILITY AND NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING:Convenience Sampling, TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING:Systematic Random Sample, DATA ANALYSIS:Information, Editing, Editing for Consistency, DATA TRANSFROMATION:Indexes and Scales, Scoring and Score Index, DATA PRESENTATION:Bivariate Tables, Constructing Percentage Tables, THE PARTS OF THE TABLE:Reading a percentage Table, EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH:The Language of Experiments, EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH (Cont. ):Uses of Focus Group Discussions, REPORT WRITING:Conclusions and recommendations, Appended Parts, REFERENCING:Book by a single author, Edited book, Doctoral Dissertation. If you’re fooled by randomness, then you’ll base your conclusions on chance findings. Measurement occurs at all stages of research. Reading that literature we may be unsure whether ideology should be defined in terms of opinions, beliefs, symbols, or attitudes. For example, researchers tend to know who the tallest person in a family is. Quantitative outcome research is mostly conducted in the social sciences using the statistical methods used above to collect quantitative data from the research study. It helps in identifying and perceiving the underlying opinions, behaviour patterns and motivations. Though it is difficult to maintain validity in qualitative research but there are some alternate ways in which the quality of the qualitative research … Research is always based on reliable data and the methods used to capture this data. Quantitative researchers generally have four main preoccupations: they want their research to be measurable, to focus on causation, to be generalisable, and to be replicable. Once you have selected your topic area and reviewed relevant literature related to your topic, you need to narrow your topic to something that can be researched practically and that will take the research on this topic further. Some concepts have multiple elements or dimensions. Think about how you or others you know would respond to this question. Parallel forms reliability: customers respond consistently despite slight variations to the question or method. Statistical significance (the likelihood that a difference you observe is due to sampling error alone) is most commonly reflected in the p-value, which provides numerical evidence for statistical significance. The aftermath of quantitative research is results that are projectable because they are drawn statistically. 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